FIFTH SECTION
\nCASE OF KOCHURA AND OTHERS v. UKRAINE
\n(Applications nos. 7925\/20 and 9 others \u2011 see appended list)
\nJUDGMENT
\nSTRASBOURG
\n16 September 2021<\/p>\n
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.<\/p>\n
In the case of Kochura and Others v. Ukraine,<\/strong><\/p>\n The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:<\/p>\n St\u00e9phanie Mourou-Vikstr\u00f6m, President, Having deliberated in private on 26 August 2021,<\/p>\n Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:<\/p>\n PROCEDURE<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article\u00a034 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) on the various dates indicated in the appended table<\/p>\n 2. The Ukrainian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were given notice of the applications.<\/p>\n THE FACTS<\/strong><\/p>\n 3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.<\/p>\n 4. The applicants complained of the life sentence with no prospect of release.<\/p>\n THE LAW<\/strong><\/p>\n I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS<\/p>\n 5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.<\/p>\n II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 of the Convention<\/p>\n 6. The applicants complained of the life sentence with no prospect of release. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:<\/p>\n Article 3<\/p>\n \u201cNo one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.\u201d<\/p>\n 7. The Court reiterates that the Convention does not prohibit the imposition of a life sentence on those convicted of especially serious crimes, such as murder. Yet to be compatible with Article 3 such a sentence must be reducible de jure and de facto, meaning that there must be both a prospect of release for the prisoner and a possibility of review. The basis of such review must extend to assessing whether there are legitimate penological grounds for the continuing incarceration of the prisoner. These grounds include punishment, deterrence, public protection and rehabilitation. The balance between them is not necessarily static and may shift in the course of a sentence, so that the primary justification for detention at the outset may not be so after a lengthy period of service of sentence. The importance of the ground of rehabilitation is underlined, since it is here that the emphasis of European penal policy now lies, as reflected in the practice of the Contracting States, in the relevant standards adopted by the Council of Europe, and in the relevant international materials (see Vinter and Others v.\u00a0the United Kingdom [GC], nos. 66069\/09 and 2 others, \u00a7\u00a7\u00a059-81, ECHR\u00a02013 (extracts)).<\/p>\n 8. In the leading case of Petukhov v. Ukraine (no. 2) (no. 41216\/13, 12\u00a0March 2019), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.<\/p>\n 9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. They are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article\u00a03 of the Convention.<\/p>\n III. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE\u00a041 OF THE CONVENTION<\/p>\n 10. Article 41 of the Convention provides:<\/p>\n \u201cIf the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.\u201d<\/p>\n 11. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case\u2011law (see, in particular, Petukhov (no. 2), cited above, \u00a7\u00a0201), the Court considers that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction.<\/p>\n FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Decides to join the applications;<\/p>\n 2. Declares the applications admissible;<\/p>\n 3. Holds that they disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention;<\/p>\n 4. Holds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction.<\/p>\n Done in English, and notified in writing on 16 September 2021, pursuant to Rule\u00a077\u00a0\u00a7\u00a7\u00a02 and\u00a03 of the Rules of Court.<\/p>\n Viktoriya Maradudina \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0St\u00e9phanie Mourou-Vikstr\u00f6m __________<\/p>\n APPENDIX<\/p>\n List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention<\/p>\n (life sentence with no prospect of release)<\/p>\n Date of introduction<\/strong><\/td>\n Year of birth<\/strong><\/td>\n Date of the life sentence<\/strong><\/td>\n 28\/01\/2020<\/td>\n 1979<\/td>\n <\/td>\n 09\/11\/2020<\/td>\n 1973<\/td>\n <\/td>\n 01\/12\/2020<\/td>\n 1993<\/td>\n <\/td>\n 02\/12\/2020<\/td>\n 1985<\/td>\n Kharkiv<\/td>\n 01\/12\/2020<\/td>\n 1980<\/td>\n Kharkiv<\/td>\n 01\/12\/2020<\/td>\n 1977<\/td>\n Kharkiv<\/td>\n 29\/12\/2020<\/td>\n 1975<\/td>\n Kharkiv<\/td>\n 10\/12\/2020<\/td>\n 1974<\/td>\n Kharkiv<\/td>\n 31\/12\/2020<\/td>\n 1969<\/td>\n Kyiv<\/td>\n 05\/01\/2021<\/td>\n 1977<\/td>\n Kyiv<\/td>\n
\nJovan Ilievski,
\nMattias Guyomar, judges,
\nand Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,<\/p>\n
\nActing Deputy Registrar \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 President<\/p>\n\n\n
\n No.<\/strong><\/td>\n Application no.<\/strong><\/p>\n Applicant\u2019s name<\/strong><\/p>\n Representative\u2019s name and location<\/strong><\/td>\n Name of the trial court<\/strong><\/p>\n Judicial decision upholding the conviction<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n \n 1.<\/td>\n 7925\/20<\/p>\n Oleksandr Mykolayovych KOCHURA<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Odesa Regional Court of Appeal, 05\/08\/2005<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 21\/03\/2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2.<\/td>\n 54163\/20<\/p>\n Anatoliy Ivanovich SKLEZ<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Dnipropetrovsk Regional Court of Appeal, 15\/09\/2003<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 20\/01\/2004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 3.<\/td>\n 303\/21<\/p>\n Sergiy Anatoliyovych RADCHENKO<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Myronivka District Court of Kyiv Region, 19\/01\/2016<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 11\/04\/2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4.<\/td>\n 860\/21<\/p>\n Oleksandr Volodymyrovych STASHUK<\/strong><\/p>\n Revyakin Maksym Oleksandrovych<\/p>\n Kherson Regional Court of Appeal, 03\/08\/2009<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 08\/12\/2009<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5.<\/td>\n 1652\/21<\/p>\n Andriy Mykolayovych OBORZHYTSKYY<\/strong><\/p>\n Revyakin Maksym Oleksandrovych<\/p>\n Khmelnytskyy Regional Court of Appeal, 09\/10\/2003<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 17\/02\/2004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 6.<\/td>\n 1767\/21<\/p>\n Oleg Anatoliyovych PALIYENKO<\/strong><\/p>\n Revyakin Maksym Oleksandrovych<\/p>\n Khmelnytskyy Regional Court of Appeal, 20\/03\/2007<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 13\/11\/2007<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 7.<\/td>\n 1826\/21<\/p>\n Igor Oleksiyovych LUNYOV<\/strong><\/p>\n Gorbachevska Tamara Igorivna<\/p>\n Kharkiv Regional Court, 30\/12\/1998<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 25\/05\/2000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 8.<\/td>\n 2104\/21<\/p>\n Vitaliy Viktorovych DYATKIN<\/strong><\/p>\n Gorbachevska Tamara Igorivna<\/p>\n Kyiv City Court of Appeal, 16\/07\/2004<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 05\/04\/2005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 9.<\/td>\n 2807\/21<\/p>\n Yevgen Valentynovych PEREVYAZKO<\/strong><\/p>\n Kychenok Andriy Sergiyovych<\/p>\n Novopskovskyy Local Court of Luhansk Region, 18\/04\/2013<\/td>\n Higher Specialised Court of Ukraine, 12\/06\/2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 10.<\/td>\n 4149\/21<\/p>\n Oleksandr Mykolayovych PYKHTIN<\/strong><\/p>\n Kychenok Andriy Sergiyovych<\/p>\n Odesa Regional Court of Appeal, 25\/06\/2007<\/td>\n Supreme Court of Ukraine, 30\/10\/2007<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n