The applicant complained of excessive length of pre-trial detention, the deficiencies in proceedings for review of the lawfulness of detention and about his confinement in a metal cage in the courtroom during the criminal proceedings against him.<\/p>\n
THIRD SECTION This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.<\/p>\n In the case of Kozlov v. Russia,<\/strong><\/p>\n The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:<\/p>\n Darian Pavli, President, Having deliberated in private on 16 June 2022,<\/p>\n Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:<\/p>\n PROCEDURE<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article\u00a034 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (\u201cthe Convention\u201d) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.<\/p>\n 2. The applicant was represented by D. Panfilov, a lawyer practising in Moscow.<\/p>\n 3. The Russian Government (\u201cthe Government\u201d) were given notice of the applications.<\/p>\n THE FACTS<\/strong><\/p>\n 4. The personal details about the applicant and the relevant facts on the applications are set out in the appended table.<\/p>\n 5. The applicant complained of excessive length of pre-trial detention, the deficiencies in proceedings for review of the lawfulness of detention and about his confinement in a metal cage in the courtroom during the criminal proceedings against him.<\/p>\n THE LAW<\/strong><\/p>\n I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n 6. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.<\/p>\n II. the government\u2019s request to strike out a complaint under article\u00a05\u00a0\u00a7\u00a03 of the convention out under article\u00a037\u00a0\u00a7\u00a01 of the convention<\/strong><\/p>\n 7. The Government submitted a unilateral declaration in case no.\u00a053267\/18 whereby they acknowledged that there has been a violation of Article\u00a05\u00a0\u00a7\u00a03 of the Convention on account of the applicant\u2019s pre-trial detention from 16\u00a0October 2016 to 20\u00a0June 2020. They offered to pay the applicant 3,230 euros (EUR) and invited the Court to strike the complaint out of the list of cases in accordance with Article 37 \u00a7 1 (c) of the Convention. The said amount would be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable on the date of payment and would be payable within three months from the date of notification of the Court\u2019s decision. In the event of failure to pay that amount within the above-mentioned three-month period, the Government undertook to pay simple interest on it, from the expiry of that period until settlement, at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.<\/p>\n 8. The applicant rejected the Government\u2019s proposal.<\/p>\n 9. The Court observes that Article 37 \u00a7 1 (c) enables it to strike a case out of its list if:<\/p>\n \u201c… for any other reason established by the Court, it is no longer justified to continue the examination of the application\u201d.<\/p>\n Thus, it may strike out applications under Article 37 \u00a7 1 (c) on the basis of a unilateral declaration by a respondent Government even if the applicants wish the examination of the cases to be continued (see, in particular, Tahsin Acar v. Turkey (preliminary issue) [GC], no. 26307\/95, \u00a7\u00a7\u00a075-77, ECHR 2003-VI).<\/p>\n 10. The Court has established clear and extensive case-law concerning complaints relating to excessive length of pre-trial detention under Article 5\u00a0\u00a7\u00a03 of the Convention (see, for example, Idalov v. Russia [GC], no.\u00a05826\/03, \u00a7\u00a7\u00a0139-49, 22 May 2012).<\/p>\n 11. Noting the admissions contained in the Government\u2019s declaration as well as the amount of compensation proposed \u2013 which is consistent with the amounts awarded in similar cases \u2013 the Court considers that it is no longer justified to continue the examination of the relevant part of the application (Article 37 \u00a7 1 (c)).<\/p>\n 12. In the light of the above considerations, the Court is satisfied that respect for human rights as defined in the Convention and the Protocols thereto does not require it to continue the examination of the application in this part (Article 37 \u00a7 1 in fine).<\/p>\n 13. Finally, the Court emphasises that, should the Government fail to comply with the terms of their unilateral declaration, the application may be restored to the list in accordance with Article 37 \u00a7 2 of the Convention (see Josipovi\u0107 v. Serbia (dec.), no. 18369\/07, 4 March 2008).<\/p>\n 14. In view of the above, it is appropriate to strike out this part of application out of the Court\u2019s list of cases.<\/p>\n III. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention<\/strong><\/p>\n 15. The applicant complained of the deficiencies in proceedings for review of the lawfulness of detention (see the appended table). He relied, expressly or in substance, on Article\u00a05 \u00a7 4 of the Convention, which reads as follows:<\/p>\n \u201cEveryone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful.\u201d<\/p>\n 16. The Court reiterates that Article 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention, in guaranteeing to detained persons a right to institute proceedings to challenge the lawfulness of their detention, also proclaims their right, following the institution of such proceedings, to a speedy judicial decision concerning the lawfulness of detention and the ordering of its termination if it proves unlawful (see Baranowski v. Poland, no. 28358\/95, \u00a7 68, ECHR 2000-III). Where an individual\u2019s personal liberty is at stake, the Court has very strict standards concerning the State\u2019s compliance with the requirement of speedy review of the lawfulness of detention (see, for example, Mamedova v.\u00a0Russia, no.\u00a07064\/05, \u00a7 96, 1 June 2006, where the length of appeal proceedings lasting, inter alia, twenty-six days, was found to be in breach of the \u201cspeediness\u201d requirement of Article 5 \u00a7 4).<\/p>\n 17. In the leading cases of Idalov [GC], cited above, \u00a7\u00a7 154-58 and 161-65, and Khodorkovskiy v. Russia, no. 5829\/04, \u00a7\u00a7 219-48, 31 May 2011, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.<\/p>\n 18. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the appeal proceedings for the review of the lawfulness of the applicant\u2019s detention, as set out in the table appended below, cannot be considered compatible with the requirements set out in Article 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention.<\/p>\n 19. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention.<\/p>\n IV. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW<\/strong><\/p>\n 20. In application no. 8242\/19 the applicant also complained about his placement in a metal cage in the courtroom during the criminal proceedings against him (see the appended table). This complaint is not manifestly ill\u2011founded within the meaning of Article\u00a035\u00a0\u00a7\u00a03\u00a0(a) of the Convention, nor is it inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, it must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that it also discloses a violation of the Convention in the light of its well\u2011established case-law (see Svinarenko and Slyadnev v.\u00a0Russia\u00a0[GC], nos.\u00a032541\/08 and 43441\/08, \u00a7\u00a7\u00a0113-39, ECHR 2014 (extracts)).<\/p>\n V. REMAINING COMPLAINTS<\/strong><\/p>\n 21. In both applications the applicant also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention.<\/p>\n 22. The Court has examined the applications and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles\u00a034 and\u00a035 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.<\/p>\n 23. It follows that this part of the applications must be rejected in accordance with Article\u00a035\u00a0\u00a7\u00a04 of the Convention.<\/p>\n VI. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE\u00a041 OF THE CONVENTION<\/strong><\/p>\n 24. Article 41 of the Convention provides:<\/p>\n \u201cIf the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.\u201d<\/p>\n 25. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case\u2011law (see, in particular, Vorontsov and Others v. Russia, no.\u00a059655\/14 and 2 others, 31 January 2017, Oravec v. Croatia, no. 51249\/11, \u00a7\u00a7\u00a078-80, 11\u00a0July 2017, Aybo\u011fa and Others v. Turkey, no. 35302\/08, \u00a7\u00a7 28-30, 21\u00a0June 2016, Doherty v. the United Kingdom, no. 76874\/11, \u00a7\u00a7 113-15, 18\u00a0February 2016, Albrechtas v. Lithuania, no. 1886\/06, \u00a7\u00a7 87-89, 19\u00a0January 2016 and Karaosmanoglu and \u00d6zden v.\u00a0Turkey, no.\u00a04807\/08, \u00a7\u00a7\u00a089-91, 17\u00a0June 2014), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sum indicated in the appended table.<\/p>\n 26. The Court further considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.<\/p>\n FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Decides to join the applications;<\/p>\n 2. Takes note of the terms of the respondent Government\u2019s declaration in respect of the applicant\u2019s complaint under Article\u00a05\u00a0\u00a7\u00a03 of the Convention (application no.\u00a053267\/18) and decides to strike out this part of the application of its list of cases in accordance with Article\u00a037\u00a0\u00a7\u00a01\u00a0(c) of the Convention;<\/p>\n 3. Declares the complaints concerning use of metal cages in courtrooms and the deficiencies in proceedings for review of the lawfulness of detention, as set out in the appended table, admissible,\u00a0and the remainder of the applications inadmissible;<\/p>\n 4. Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Articles 3 and 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention concerning respectively use of metal cages in courtrooms and the deficiencies in the proceedings for review of the lawfulness of detention, as described in the appended table;<\/p>\n 5. Holds<\/p>\n (a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicant, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;<\/p>\n (b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.<\/p>\n Done in English, and notified in writing on 7 July 2022, pursuant to Rule\u00a077\u00a0\u00a7\u00a7\u00a02 and\u00a03 of the Rules of Court.<\/p>\n Viktoriya Maradudina\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Darian Pavli ___________<\/p>\n APPENDIX<\/strong>
\nCASE OF KOZLOV v. RUSSIA<\/strong>
\n(Applications nos. 53267\/18 and 8242\/19)<\/em>
\nJUDGMENT
\nSTRASBOURG
\n7 July 2022<\/p>\n
\nAndreas Z\u00fcnd,
\nMikhail Lobov, judges,
\nand Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,<\/p>\n
\nActing Deputy Registrar\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 President<\/p>\n
\nList of applications raising complaints under Article 5 \u00a7 4 of the Convention
\n(deficiencies in proceedings for review of the lawfulness of detention)<\/p>\n