Regulation (EU) No 598/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Union airports within a Balanced Approach and repealing Directive 2002/30/EC

12.6.2014

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 173/65

(1)

A key objective of the common transport policy is sustainable development. This requires an integrated approach aimed at ensuring both the effective functioning of Union transport systems and protection of the environment.

(2)

Sustainable development of air transport requires the introduction of measures aimed at reducing the noise impact from aircraft at Union airports. Those measures should improve the noise environment around Union airports in order to maintain or increase the quality of life of neighbouring citizens and foster compatibility between aviation activities and residential areas, in particular where night flights are concerned.

(3)

Resolution A33/7 of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) introduces the concept of a ‘Balanced Approach’ to noise management (Balanced Approach) and establishes a coherent method to address aircraft noise. The Balanced Approach should remain the foundation of noise regulation for aviation as a global industry. The Balanced Approach recognises the value of, and does not prejudge, relevant legal obligations, existing agreements, current laws and established policies. Incorporating the international rules of the Balanced Approach in this Regulation should substantially lessen the risk of international disputes in the event of third-country carriers being affected by noise-related operating restrictions.

(4)

Following the removal of the noisiest aircraft pursuant to Directive 2002/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (4) and Directive 2006/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (5), an update of how to use operating restriction measures is required to enable authorities to deal with the current noisiest aircraft so as to improve the noise environment around Union airports within the international framework of the Balanced Approach.

(5)

The report from the Commission of 15 February 2008 entitled ‘Noise Operation Restrictions at EU Airports’ pointed to the need to clarify in the text of Directive 2002/30/EC the allocation of responsibilities and the precise rights and obligations of interested parties during the noise assessment process so as to guarantee that cost-effective measures are taken to achieve the noise abatement objectives for each airport.

(6)

The introduction of operating restrictions by Member States at Union airports on a case-by-case basis, whilst limiting capacity, can contribute to improving the noise climate around airports. However, there is a possibility of distorting competition or hampering the overall efficiency of the Union aviation network through the inefficient use of existing capacity. Since the achievement of the specific noise abatement objective of this Regulation cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of harmonised rules on the process for introducing operating restrictions as part of the noise management process, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective. Such a harmonised method does not impose noise quality objectives, which continue to derive from Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (6), other relevant Union rules or legislation within each Member State, and does not prejudge the concrete selection of measures.

(7)

This Regulation should only apply to Member States in which an airport with more than 50 000 civil aircraft movements per calendar year is located and when the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions is being considered at such an airport.

(8)

This Regulation should apply to aircraft engaged in civil aviation. It should not apply to aircraft such as military aircraft and aircraft undertaking customs, police and fire-fighting operations. Furthermore, various operations of an exceptional nature, such as flights for urgent humanitarian reasons, search and rescue in emergency situations, medical assistance, and disaster relief, should be exempted from this Regulation.

(9)

While noise assessments should be carried out on a regular basis in accordance with Directive 2002/49/EC, such assessments should only lead to additional noise abatement measures if the current combination of noise mitigating measures does not achieve the noise abatement objectives, taking into account expected airport development. For airports where a noise problem has been identified, additional noise abatement measures should be identified in accordance with the Balanced Approach methodology. In order to ensure a wide application of the Balanced Approach within the Union, its use is recommended whenever it is considered adequate by the individual Member State concerned, even beyond the scope of this Regulation. Noise-related operating restrictions should be introduced only when other Balanced Approach measures are not sufficient to attain the specific noise abatement objectives.

(10)

While a cost-benefit analysis provides an indication of the total economic welfare effects by comparing all costs and benefits, a cost-effectiveness assessment focuses on achieving a given objective in the most cost-effective way, requiring a comparison of only the costs. This Regulation should not prevent Member States from using cost-benefit analyses where appropriate.

(11)

The importance of health aspects needs to be recognised in relation to noise problems, and it is therefore important that those aspects be taken into consideration in a consistent manner at all airports when a decision is taken on noise abatement objectives, taking into account the existence of common Union rules in this area. Therefore, health aspects should be assessed in accordance with Union legislation on the evaluation of noise effects.

(12)

Noise assessments should be based on objective and measurable criteria common to all Member States and should build on existing information available, such as information arising from the implementation of Directive 2002/49/EC. Member States should ensure that such information is reliable, that it is obtained in a transparent manner and that it is accessible to competent authorities and stakeholders. Competent authorities should put in place the necessary monitoring tools.

(13)

The competent authority responsible for adopting noise-related operating restrictions should be independent of any organisation involved in the airport’s operation, air transport or air navigation service provision, or representing the interests thereof and of the residents living in the vicinity of the airport. This should not be understood as requiring Member States to modify their administrative structures or decision-making procedures.

(14)

It is recognised that Member States have decided on noise-related operating restrictions in accordance with national legislation based on nationally acknowledged noise methods, which, as yet, might not be fully consistent with the method described in the authoritative European Civil Aviation Conference Report Doc 29 entitled ‘Standard Method of Computing Noise Contours around Civil Airports’ (ECAC Doc 29) nor use the internationally recognised aircraft noise performance information. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of a noise-related operating restriction should be assessed in accordance with the methods prescribed in ECAC Doc 29 and the Balanced Approach. Accordingly, Member States should adapt their assessments of operating restrictions in national legislation towards full compliance with ECAC Doc 29.

(15)

A new and wider definition of operating restrictions as compared to Directive 2002/30/EC should be introduced in order to facilitate the implementation of new technologies and new operational capabilities of aircraft and ground equipment. Its application should not lead to delay in the implementation of operational measures which could immediately alleviate the noise impact without substantially affecting the operational capacity of an airport. Such measures should therefore not be considered to constitute new operating restrictions.

(16)

The centralisation of information on noise would substantially reduce the administrative burden for both aircraft operators and airport operators. Such information is currently provided and managed at the level of individual airports. Those data need to be placed at the disposal of aircraft operators and airports for operational purposes. It is important to use the databank of the European Aviation Safety Agency (‘the Agency’) concerning noise performance certification as a validation tool with the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) data on individual flights. Such data are currently already systematically requested for central flow management purposes, but are not at present available to the Commission or to the Agency, and need to be specified for the purpose of this Regulation and for performance regulation of air traffic management. Good access to validated modelling data, determined in accordance with internationally recognised processes and best practices, should improve the quality of mapping of noise contours of individual airports to support policy decisions.

(17)

To avoid unwanted consequences for aviation safety, airport capacity and competition, the Commission should notify the relevant competent authority if it finds that the process followed for the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions does not meet the requirements of this Regulation. The relevant competent authority should examine the Commission notification and should inform the Commission of its intentions before introducing the operating restrictions.

(18)

In order to take account of the Balanced Approach, provision should be made for the possibility of exemptions in special circumstances for operators from developing third countries, without which such operators would suffer undue hardship. Reference to ‘developing countries’ is to be understood in the light of this specific aviation context and does not include all countries that would otherwise be referred to as such, within the international community. In particular, it is necessary to ensure that any such exemptions are compatible with the principle of non-discrimination.

(19)

In order to reflect the continuous technological progress in engine and airframe technologies and the methods used to map noise contours, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the Commission with respect to regularly updating the noise standards for aircraft referred to in this Regulation and the reference to the associated certification methods, taking into account, when appropriate, changes in relevant ICAO documents and updating the reference to the method for computing noise contours, taking into account, when appropriate, changes in relevant ICAO documents. In addition, changes to ECAC Doc 29 should also be taken into consideration for technical updates through delegated acts, as appropriate. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level. The Commission, when preparing and drawing-up delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of all relevant documents to the European Parliament and to the Council.

(20)

While this Regulation requires a regular assessment of the noise situation at airports, such an assessment does not necessarily entail the adoption of new noise-related operating restrictions or the review of existing ones. Therefore, this Regulation does not require the review of noise-related operating restrictions already in place at the date of its entry into force, including those resulting from court decisions or local mediation processes. Minor technical amendments to measures without substantive implications for capacity or operations should not be considered as new noise-related operating restrictions.

(21)

Where the consultation process preceding the adoption of a noise-related operating restriction was launched under Directive 2002/30/EC and is still ongoing at the date of entry into force of this Regulation, it is appropriate to allow the final decision to be taken in accordance with Directive 2002/30/EC in order to preserve the progress already achieved in that process.

(22)

Considering the need for the consistent application of the noise assessment method within the Union aviation market, this Regulation sets out common rules in the field of noise operating restrictions.

(23)

Directive 2002/30/EC should therefore be repealed,

(a)

to facilitate the achievement of specific noise abatement objectives, including health aspects, at the level of individual airports, while respecting relevant Union rules, in particular those laid down in Directive 2002/49/EC, and the legislation within each Member State;

(b)

to enable the use of operating restrictions in accordance with the Balanced Approach so as to achieve the sustainable development of the airport and air traffic management network capacity from a gate-to-gate perspective.

(1)

‘aircraft’ means fixed-wing aircraft with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 34 000 kg or more, or with a certificated maximum internal accommodation for the aircraft type in question consisting of 19 passenger seats or more, excluding any seats for crew only;

(2)

‘airport’ means an airport which has more than 50 000 civil aircraft movements per calendar year (a movement being a take-off or landing), on the basis of the average number of movements in the last three calendar years before the noise assessment;

(3)

‘Balanced Approach’ means the process developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization under which the range of available measures, namely the reduction of aircraft noise at source, land-use planning and management, noise abatement operational procedures and operating restrictions, is considered in a consistent way with a view to addressing the noise problem in the most cost-effective way on an airport-by-airport basis;

(4)

‘marginally compliant aircraft’ means aircraft which are certified in accordance with limits laid down in Volume 1, Part II, Chapter 3 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation signed on 7 December 1944 (the Chicago Convention) by a cumulative margin of less than 8 EPNdB (Effective Perceived Noise in Decibels) during a transitional period ending on 14 June 2020, and by a cumulative margin of less than 10 EPNdB following the end of that transitional period, whereby the cumulative margin is the figure expressed in EPNdB obtained by adding the individual margins (i.e. the differences between the certificated noise level and the maximum permitted noise level) at each of the three reference noise measurement points defined in Volume 1, Part II, Chapter 3 of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention;

(5)

‘noise-related action’ means any measure that affects the noise climate around airports, for which the principles of the Balanced Approach apply, including other non-operational actions that can affect the number of people exposed to aircraft noise;

(6)

‘operating restriction’ means a noise-related action that limits access to or reduces the operational capacity of an airport, including operating restrictions aimed at the withdrawal from operations of marginally compliant aircraft at specific airports as well as operating restrictions of a partial nature, which for example apply for an identified period of time during the day or only for certain runways at the airport.

(a)

the noise abatement objective for that airport, taking into account, as appropriate, Article 8 of, and Annex V to, Directive 2002/49/EC, is defined;

(b)

measures available to reduce the noise impact are identified;

(c)

the likely cost-effectiveness of the noise mitigation measures is thoroughly evaluated;

(d)

the measures, taking into account public interest in the field of air transport as regards the development prospects of their airports, are selected without detriment to safety;

(e)

the stakeholders are consulted in a transparent way on the intended actions;

(f)

the measures are adopted and sufficient notification is provided for;

(g)

the measures are implemented; and

(h)

dispute resolution is provided for.

(a)

the foreseeable effect of a reduction of aircraft noise at source;

(b)

land-use planning and management;

(c)

noise abatement operational procedures;

(d)

not applying operating restrictions as a first resort, but only after consideration of the other measures of the Balanced Approach.

(a)

the method, indicators and information in Annex I are applied in such a way as to take due account of the contribution of each type of measure under the Balanced Approach, before operating restrictions are introduced;

(b)

at the appropriate level, technical cooperation is established between the airport operators, aircraft operators and air navigation service providers to examine measures to mitigate noise. The competent authorities shall also ensure that local residents, or their representatives, and relevant local authorities are consulted, and that technical information on noise mitigation measures is provided to them;

(c)

the cost-effectiveness of any new operating restriction is assessed, in accordance with Annex II. Minor technical amendments to measures without substantive implications on capacity or operations shall not be considered new operating restrictions;

(d)

the process of consultation with interested parties, which may take the form of a mediation process, is organised in a timely and substantive manner, ensuring openness and transparency as regards data and computation methodologies. Interested parties shall have at least three months prior to the adoption of the new operating restrictions to submit comments. The interested parties shall include at least:

(a)

while respecting national law, information on alleged infringements due to changes in flight procedures, in terms of their impact and the reasons why such changes were made;

(b)

the general criteria applied when distributing and managing traffic in each airport, to the extent that those criteria may have an environmental or noise impact; and

(c)

data collected by noise measuring systems, if available.

(a)

the aircraft nationality and registration mark;

(b)

the noise documentation of the aircraft used, together with the associated maximum take-off weight;

(c)

any modification of the aircraft which affects its noise performance and is stated on the noise documentation.

(a)

are granted a noise certification to the standards specified in Chapter 3, Volume 1 of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention;

(b)

were operated in the Union during the five-year period preceding the entry into force of this Regulation;

(c)

were on the register of the developing country concerned in that five-year period; and

(d)

continue to be operated by a natural or legal person established in that country.

(a)

operations which are of such an exceptional nature that it would be unreasonable to withhold a temporary exemption, including humanitarian aid flights; or

(b)

non-revenue flights for the purpose of alterations, repair or maintenance.

(a)

technical updates to the noise certification standards provided for in Article 5(5) and point (a) of Article 9(1), and to the certification procedure provided for in Article 7(1);

(b)

technical updates to the methodology and indicators set out in Annex I.