Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC Text with EEA relevance

18.6.2013

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 165/13

(1)

Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 concerning a mechanism for monitoring Community greenhouse gas emissions and for implementing the Kyoto Protocol (4) established a framework for monitoring anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and greenhouse gas removals by sinks, evaluating progress towards meeting commitments in respect of those emissions and implementing monitoring and reporting requirements under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (5) and the Kyoto Protocol (6) in the Union. In order to take into account recent and future developments at international level relating to the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, and in order to implement new monitoring and reporting requirements provided for in Union law, Decision No 280/2004/EC should be replaced.

(2)

Decision No 280/2004/EC should be replaced by a Regulation on account of the broader scope of Union law, the inclusion of additional categories of persons to which obligations are addressed, the more complex and highly technical nature of provisions introduced, the increased need for uniform rules applicable throughout the Union, and in order to facilitate implementation.

(3)

The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. In order to meet that objective, the overall global annual mean surface temperature increase should not exceed 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.

(4)

There is a need for thorough monitoring and reporting, and for regular assessment of Union and Member States’ greenhouse gas emissions and of their efforts to address climate change.

(5)

Decision 1/CP.15 of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (Decision 1/CP.15) and Decision 1/CP.16 of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (Decision 1/CP.16) contributed significantly to progress in addressing the challenges raised by climate change in a balanced manner. Those Decisions introduced new monitoring and reporting requirements that apply to the implementation of ambitious emission reductions to which the Union and its Member States have committed themselves, and provided support to developing countries. Those Decisions also recognised the importance of addressing adaptation with the same priority as mitigation. Decision 1/CP.16 also requires that developed countries develop low-carbon development strategies or plans. Such strategies or plans are expected to contribute towards building a low-carbon society and ensure continued high growth and sustainable development, as well as moving in a cost-effective manner towards the long-term climate target, giving due consideration to the intermediary stages. This Regulation should facilitate the implementation of those monitoring and reporting requirements.

(6)

The set of Union legal acts, adopted in 2009, collectively referred to as the ‘Climate and Energy package’ in particular Decision No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 (7) and Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community (8), marks another firm commitment by the Union and the Member States to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The Union’s system for monitoring and reporting emissions should also be updated in the light of new requirements under those two legal acts.

(7)

Under the UNFCCC, the Union and its Member States are required to develop, regularly update, publish and report to the Conference of the Parties national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol of 1987 on substances that deplete the ozone layer to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (9) (the Montreal Protocol) using comparable methodologies agreed by the Conference of the Parties.

(8)

Article 5(1) of the Kyoto Protocol requires the Union and the Member States to establish and maintain a national system for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, with a view to ensuring the implementation of other provisions of the Kyoto Protocol. In doing so, the Union and the Member States should apply the guidelines for national systems set out in the Annex to Decision 19/CMP.1 of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (Decision 19/CMP.1). In addition, Decision 1/CP.16 requires the establishment of national arrangements to estimate anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. This Regulation should enable both of those requirements to be implemented.

(9)

Cyprus and Malta are included in Annex I to the UNFCCC pursuant to Decision 10/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, effective from 9 January 2013, and Decision 3/CP.15 of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, effective from 26 October 2010, respectively.

(10)

The experience gained in implementing Decision No 280/2004/EC has shown the need to increase synergies and coherence with reporting under other legal instruments, in particular with Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (10), with Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 January 2006 concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (11), with Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (12), with Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases (13), and with Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics (14). While streamlining reporting requirements will require the amendment of individual legal instruments, the use of consistent data to report greenhouse gas emissions is essential to ensuring the quality of emissions reporting.

(11)

The Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identified a global warming potential (GWP) for nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) which is approximately 17 000 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). NF3 is increasingly being used in the electronics industry to replace perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). In accordance with Article 191(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), Union environment policy must be based on the precautionary principle. That principle requires the monitoring of NF3 to assess the level of emissions in the Union and, if required, to define mitigation action.

(12)

Data currently reported in the national greenhouse gas inventories and the national and Union registries are not sufficient to determine, at Member State level, the CO2 civil aviation emissions at national level that are not covered by Directive 2003/87/EC. In adopting reporting obligations, the Union should not impose upon Member States and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) burdens that are disproportionate to the objectives pursued. CO2 emissions from flights not covered by Directive 2003/87/EC represent only a very minor part of the total greenhouse gas emissions, and establishing a reporting system for these emissions would be unduly burdensome in the light of existing requirements for the wider sector pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC. Therefore, CO2 emissions from IPCC source category ‘1.A.3.A civil aviation’ should be treated as being equal to zero for the purposes of Article 3 and Article 7(1) of Decision No 406/2009/EC.

(13)

In order to ensure the effectiveness of the arrangements for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to avoid further adding to the financial and administrative burden already being borne by the Member States.

(14)

Whilst emissions and removals of greenhouse gases relating to land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) count towards the Union’s emissions reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol, they are not part of the 20 % target for 2020 under the Climate and Energy package. Article 9 of Decision No 406/2009/EC requires the Commission to assess modalities for the inclusion of emissions and removals from activities relating to LULUCF in the Union’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitment, ensuring permanence and the environmental integrity of the contribution of LULUCF, and providing for accurate monitoring and accounting of the relevant emissions and removals. It also requires the Commission to submit a legislative proposal, as appropriate, with the aim of it entering into force as from 2013. On 12 March 2012, the Commission submitted to the European Parliament and to the Council a proposal as a first step towards the inclusion of the LULUCF sector in the Union’s emission reduction commitment, which resulted in the adoption of Decision No 529/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on accounting rules on greenhouse gas emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning actions relating to those activities (15).

(15)

The Union and the Member States should strive to provide the most up-to-date information on their greenhouse gas emissions, in particular under the framework of the Europe 2020 strategy and its specified timelines. This Regulation should enable such estimates to be prepared in the shortest timeframes possible by using statistical and other information, such as, where appropriate, space-based data provided by the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security programme and other satellite systems.

(16)

Since the Commission has announced that it intends to propose new monitoring and reporting requirements for emissions from maritime transport, including amendments to this Regulation as appropriate, this Regulation should not prejudge any such proposal, and therefore provisions on the monitoring and reporting of emissions from maritime transport should not be included in this Regulation at this time.

(17)

The experience gained in implementing Decision No 280/2004/EC demonstrated the need to improve transparency, accuracy, consistency, completeness and comparability of information reported on policies and measures and on projections. Decision No 406/2009/EC requires that Member States report their projected progress towards meeting their obligations under that Decision, including information on national policies and measures and on national projections. The Europe 2020 strategy set an integrated economic policy agenda requiring the Union and the Member States to make further efforts on the timely reporting of climate change policies and measures and their projected effects on emissions. Creating systems at Union and Member State level coupled with better guidance on reporting should significantly contribute towards those goals. In order to ensure that the Union meets its international and internal reporting requirements on greenhouse gas projections and to evaluate its progress towards meeting its international and internal commitments and obligations, the Commission should also be able to prepare and use greenhouse gas projection estimates.

(18)

Improved information from Member States is needed to monitor their progress and action in adapting to climate change. This information is needed to devise a comprehensive Union adaptation strategy pursuant to the Commission White Paper of 1 April 2009 entitled ‘Adapting to climate change: Towards a European framework for action’. The reporting of information on adaptation will enable Member States to exchange best practices and evaluate their needs and level of preparedness to deal with climate change.

(19)

Under Decision 1/CP.15, the Union and the Member States committed to providing substantial climate financing to support adaptation and mitigation action in developing countries. In accordance with paragraph 40 of Decision 1/CP.16, each developed country Party to the UNFCCC must enhance reporting on the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties. Enhanced reporting is essential to recognising the efforts made by the Union and Member States to meet their commitments. Decision 1/CP.16 also established a new ‘Technology Mechanism’ to enhance international technology transfer. This Regulation should ensure reporting of up-to-date information on technology transfer activities to developing countries based on the best data available.

(20)

Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (16) amended Directive 2003/87/EC so as to include aviation activities in the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union. Directive 2003/87/EC contains provisions on the use of auctioning revenue, on reporting on the use of auctioning revenue by Member States, and on the action taken pursuant to Article 3d of that Directive. Directive 2003/87/EC, as amended by Directive 2009/29/EC, now also contains provisions on the use of auctioning revenue, and states that at least 50 % of such revenue should be used for the purpose of one or more of the activities referred to in Article 10(3) of Directive 2003/87/EC. Transparency on the use of revenue generated from the auctioning of allowances under Directive 2003/87/EC is key to underpinning Union commitments.

(21)

Under the UNFCCC, the Union and its Member States are required to develop, regularly update, publish and report to the Conference of the Parties national communications and biennial reports using the guidelines, methodologies and formats agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties. Decision 1/CP.16 calls for enhanced reporting on mitigation targets and on the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties.

(22)

Decision No 406/2009/EC converted the current annual reporting cycle into an annual commitment cycle requiring a comprehensive review of Member States’ greenhouse gas inventories within a shorter time frame than the current UNFCCC inventory review, to enable the use of flexibilities and the application of corrective action, where necessary, at the end of each relevant year. Setting up at Union-level a review process of the greenhouse gas inventories submitted by Member States is necessary to ensure that compliance with Decision No 406/2009/EC is assessed in a credible, consistent, transparent and timely manner.

(23)

A number of technical elements relating to the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removals by sinks, such as GWPs, the scope of greenhouse gases reported and methodological guidance from the IPCC to be used to prepare national greenhouse gas inventories, are currently being discussed under the UNFCCC process. Revisions of those methodological elements in the context of the UNFCCC process and subsequent recalculations of the time-series of greenhouse gas emissions may change the level and trends of greenhouse gas emissions. The Commission should monitor such developments at international level and, where necessary, propose revising this Regulation to ensure consistency with the methodologies used in the context of the UNFCCC process.

(24)

In accordance with the current UNFCCC greenhouse gas reporting guidelines, the calculation and reporting of methane emissions is based on GWPs relating to a 100-year time horizon. Given the high GWP and relatively short atmospheric lifetime of methane, the Commission should analyse the implications for policies and measures of adopting a 20-year time horizon for methane.

(25)

Taking into consideration the European Parliament resolution of 14 September 2011 on a comprehensive approach to non-CO2 climate-relevant anthropogenic emissions and once there is agreement under the UNFCCC to use agreed and published IPCC guidelines on monitoring and reporting of black carbon emissions, the Commission should analyse the implications for policies and measures and, if appropriate, amend Annex I to this Regulation.

(26)

Greenhouse gas emissions across reported time-series should be estimated using the same methods. The underlying activity data and emission factors should be obtained and used in a consistent manner, ensuring that changes in emission trends are not introduced as a result of changes in estimation methods or assumptions. Recalculations of greenhouse gas emissions should be performed in accordance with agreed guidelines and should be carried out with a view to improving the consistency, accuracy and completeness of the reported time-series, and the implementation of more detailed methods. Where the methodology or manner in which underlying activity data and emission factors are gathered has changed, Member States should recalculate inventories for the reported time-series and evaluate the need for recalculations based on the reasons provided in the agreed guidelines, in particular for key categories. This Regulation should lay down whether and under what conditions the effects of such recalculations should be taken into account for the purpose of determining annual emission allocations.

(27)

Aviation has impacts on the global climate as a result of the release of CO2 as well as of other emissions, including nitrogen oxides emissions, and mechanisms, such as cirrus cloud enhancement. In the light of the rapidly developing scientific understanding of those impacts, an updated assessment of the non-CO2 impacts of aviation on the global climate should be performed regularly in the context of this Regulation. The modelling used in this respect should be adapted to scientific progress. Based on its assessments of such impacts, the Commission could consider relevant policy options for addressing them.

(28)

The European Environment Agency aims to support sustainable development and to help achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europe’s environment by providing timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy-makers, public institutions and the public. The European Environment Agency should assist the Commission, as appropriate, with monitoring and reporting work, especially in the context of the Union’s inventory system and its system for policies and measures and projections; in conducting an annual expert review of Member States’ inventories; in evaluating progress towards the Union’s emission reduction commitments; in maintaining the European Climate Adaptation Platform relating to impacts, vulnerabilities and adaptation to climate change; and in communicating sound climate information to the public.

(29)

All requirements concerning the provision of information and data under this Regulation should be subject to Union rules on data protection and commercial confidentiality.

(30)

Information and data gathered under this Regulation may also contribute to future Union climate change policy formulation and assessment.

(31)

The Commission should follow the implementation of monitoring and reporting requirements under this Regulation and future developments under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol to ensure consistency. In this respect, the Commission should submit, if appropriate, a legislative proposal to the European Parliament and to the Council.

(32)

In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of Article 5(4), Article 7(7) and (8), Article 8(2), Article 12(3), Article 17(4) and Article 19(5) and (6) of this Regulation, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission. With the exception of Article 19(6), those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission’s exercise of implementing powers (17).

(33)

In order to establish harmonised reporting requirements to monitor greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change policy, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission in order to amend Annex I and Annex III to this Regulation in accordance with decisions taken within the framework of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol; take account of changes in the GWPs and internationally agreed inventory guidelines; set substantive requirements for the Union inventory system; and set up the Union registry. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level. The Commission, when preparing and drawing up delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the European Parliament and to the Council.

(34)

Since the objectives of this Regulation, namely establishing a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the scale and effects of the proposed action, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve those objectives,

(a)

ensuring the timeliness, transparency, accuracy, consistency, comparability and completeness of reporting by the Union and its Member States to the UNFCCC Secretariat;

(b)

reporting and verifying information relating to commitments of the Union and its Member States pursuant to the UNFCCC, to the Kyoto Protocol and to decisions adopted thereunder and evaluating progress towards meeting those commitments;

(c)

monitoring and reporting all anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer in the Member States;

(d)

monitoring, reporting, reviewing and verifying greenhouse gas emissions and other information pursuant to Article 6 of Decision No 406/2009/EC;

(e)

reporting the use of revenue generated by auctioning allowances under Article 3d(1) or (2) or Article 10(1) of Directive 2003/87/EC, pursuant to Article 3d(4) and Article 10(3) of that Directive;

(f)

monitoring and reporting on the actions taken by Member States to adapt to the inevitable consequences of climate change in a cost-effective manner;

(g)

evaluating progress by the Member States towards meeting their obligations under Decision No 406/2009/EC.

(a)

reporting on the Union’s and its Member States’ low-carbon development strategies and any updates thereof in accordance with Decision 1/CP.16;

(b)

emissions of greenhouse gases listed in Annex I to this Regulation from sectors and sources and the removals by sinks covered by the national greenhouse gas inventories pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) of the UNFCCC and emitted within the territories of the Member States;

(c)

greenhouse gas emissions falling within the scope of Article 2(1) of Decision No 406/2009/EC;

(d)

the non-CO2 related climate impacts, which are associated with emissions from civil aviation;

(e)

the Union’s and its Member States’ projections of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, and the Member States’ policies and measures relating thereto;

(f)

aggregate financial and technological support to developing countries in accordance with requirements under the UNFCCC;

(g)

the use of revenue from auctioning allowances pursuant to Article 3d(1) and (2) and Article 10(1) of Directive 2003/87/EC;

(h)

Member States’ actions to adapt to climate change.

(1)

‘global warming potential’ or ‘GWP’ of a gas means the total contribution to global warming resulting from the emission of one unit of that gas relative to one unit of the reference gas, CO2, which is assigned a value of 1;

(2)

‘national inventory system’ means a system of institutional, legal and procedural arrangements established within a Member State for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, and for reporting and archiving inventory information in accordance with Decision 19/CMP.1 or other relevant decisions of UNFCCC or Kyoto Protocol bodies;

(3)

‘competent inventory authorities’ means authorities entrusted under a national inventory system with the task of compiling the greenhouse gas inventory;

(4)

‘quality assurance’ or ‘QA’ means a planned system of review procedures to ensure that data quality objectives are met and that the best possible estimates and information are reported to support the effectiveness of the quality control programme and to assist Member States;

(5)

‘quality control’ or ‘QC’ means a system of routine technical activities to measure and control the quality of the information and estimates compiled with the purpose of ensuring data integrity, correctness and completeness, identifying and addressing errors and omissions, documenting and archiving data and other material used, and recording all QA activities;

(6)

‘indicator’ means a quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that contributes to better understanding progress in implementing policies and measures and greenhouse gas emission trends;

(7)

‘assigned amount unit’ or ‘AAU’ means a unit issued pursuant to the relevant provisions in the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1 of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (Decision 13/CMP.1) or in other relevant decisions of UNFCCC or Kyoto Protocol bodies;

(8)

‘removal unit’ or ‘RMU’ means a unit issued pursuant to the relevant provisions in the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1 or in other relevant decisions of UNFCCC or Kyoto Protocol bodies;

(9)

‘emission reduction unit’ or ‘ERU’ means a unit issued pursuant to the relevant provisions in the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1 or in other relevant decisions of UNFCCC or Kyoto Protocol bodies;

(10)

‘certified emission reduction’ or ‘CER’ means a unit issued pursuant to Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and requirements thereunder, as well as the relevant provisions in the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1 or in other relevant decisions of UNFCCC or Kyoto Protocol bodies;

(11)

‘temporary certified emission reduction’ or ‘tCER’ means a unit issued pursuant to Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and requirements thereunder, as well as the relevant provisions in the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1, or in other relevant decisions of UNFCCC or Kyoto Protocol bodies, that is to say credits given for emission removals which are certified for an afforestation or reforestation clean development mechanism (CDM) project, to be replaced upon expiry at end of the second commitment period;

(12)

‘long-term certified emission reduction’ or ‘lCER’ means a unit issued pursuant to Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and requirements thereunder, as well as the relevant provisions in the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1, or in other relevant decisions of UNFCCC or Kyoto Protocol bodies, that is to say credits given for long-term emission removals which are certified for an afforestation or reforestation CDM project, to be replaced upon expiry at end of the project’s crediting period or in event of storage reversal or non-submission of a certification report;

(13)

‘national registry’ means a registry in the form of a standardised electronic database which includes data on the issue, holding, transfer, acquisition, cancellation, retirement, carry-over, replacement or change of expiry date, as relevant, of AAUs, RMUs, ERUs, CERs, tCERs and lCERs;

(14)

‘policies and measures’ means all instruments which aim to implement commitments under Article 4(2)(a) and (b) of the UNFCCC, which may include those that do not have the limitation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as a primary objective;

(15)

‘system for policies and measures and projections’ means a system of institutional, legal and procedural arrangements established for reporting policies and measures and projections of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol as required by Article 12 of this Regulation;

(16)

‘ex ante assessment of policies and measures’ means an evaluation of the projected effects of a policy or measure;

(17)

‘ex post assessment of policies and measures’ means an evaluation of the past effects of a policy or measure;

(18)

‘projections without measures’ means projections of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks that exclude the effects of all policies and measures which are planned, adopted or implemented after the year chosen as the starting point for the relevant projection;

(19)

‘projections with measures’ means projections of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks that encompass the effects, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions reductions, of policies and measures that have been adopted and implemented;

(20)

‘projections with additional measures’ means projections of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks that encompass the effects, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions reductions, of policies and measures which have been adopted and implemented to mitigate climate change as well as policies and measures which are planned for that purpose;

(21)

‘sensitivity analysis’ means an investigation of a model algorithm or an assumption to quantify how sensitive or stable the model output data are in relation to variations in the input data or underlying assumptions. It is carried out by varying input values or model equations and by observing how the model output varies correspondingly;

(22)

‘climate change mitigation-related support’ means support for activities in developing countries that contribute to the objective of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system;

(23)

‘climate change adaptation-related support’ means support for activities in developing countries that are intended to reduce the vulnerability of human or natural systems to the impact of climate change and climate-related risks, by maintaining or increasing developing countries’ adaptive capacity and resilience;

(24)

‘technical corrections’ means adjustments to the national greenhouse gas inventory estimates made in the context of the review carried out pursuant to Article 19 when the submitted inventory data are incomplete or are prepared in a way that is not consistent with relevant international or Union rules or guidelines and that are intended to replace originally submitted estimates;

(25)

‘recalculations’, in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories, means a procedure for re-estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks of previously submitted inventories as a consequence of changes in methodologies or in the manner in which emission factors and activity data are obtained and used; the inclusion of new source and sink categories or of new gases; or changes in the GWP of greenhouse gases.

(a)

the transparent and accurate monitoring of the actual and projected progress made by Member States, including the contribution made by Union measures, in fulfilling the Union’s and the Member States’ commitments under the UNFCCC to limit or reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions;

(b)

meeting the greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments of Member States under Decision No 406/2009/EC and achieving long-term emission reductions and enhancements of removals by sinks in all sectors in line with the Union’s objective, in the context of necessary reductions according to the IPCC by developed countries as a group, to reduce emissions by 80 to 95 % by 2050 compared to 1990 levels in a cost-effective manner.

(a)

data and methods reported for activities and installations under Directive 2003/87/EC for the purpose of preparing national greenhouse gas inventories in order to ensure consistency of the reported greenhouse gas emissions under the Union’s emissions trading scheme and in the national greenhouse gas inventories;

(b)

where relevant, data collected through the reporting systems on fluorinated gases in the various sectors, set up pursuant to Article 6(4) of Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 for the purpose of preparing national greenhouse gas inventories;

(c)

where relevant, emissions, underlying data and methodologies reported by facilities under Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 for the purpose of preparing national greenhouse gas inventories;

(d)

data reported under Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008.

(a)

make use of reporting systems established pursuant to Article 6(4) of Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 to improve the estimation of fluorinated gases in the national greenhouse gas inventories;

(b)

are able to undertake the annual consistency checks referred to in points (l) and (m) of Article 7(1).

(a)

a quality assurance and quality control programme, which shall include setting quality objectives and drafting an inventory quality assurance and quality control plan. The Commission shall assist Member States in implementing their quality assurance and quality control programmes;

(b)

a procedure to estimate, in consultation with the Member State concerned, any data missing from its national inventory;

(c)

the reviews of Member States’ greenhouse gas inventories referred to in Article 19.

(a)

their anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases listed in Annex I to this Regulation and the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases referred to in Article 2(1) of Decision No 406/2009/EC for the year X-2, in accordance with UNFCCC reporting requirements. Without prejudice to the reporting of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex I to this Regulation, the CO2 emissions from IPCC source category ‘1.A.3.A civil aviation’ shall be considered equal to zero for the purposes of Article 3 and Article 7(1) of Decision No 406/2009/EC;

(b)

data in accordance with UNFCCC reporting requirements on their anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds, consistent with data already reported pursuant to Article 7 of Directive 2001/81/EC and the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Pollution, for the year X-2;

(c)

their anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals of CO2 by sinks resulting from LULUCF, for the year X-2, in accordance with UNFCCC reporting requirements;

(d)

their anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals of CO2 by sinks resulting from LULUCF activities pursuant to Decision No 529/2013/EU and the Kyoto Protocol and information on the accounting of these greenhouse gas emissions and removals from LULUCF activities, in accordance with Decision No 529/2013/EU and with Article 3(3) and (4) of the Kyoto Protocol, and relevant decisions thereunder, for the years between 2008 or other applicable years and the year X-2. Where Member States account for cropland management, grazing land management, revegetation or wetland drainage and rewetting, they shall in addition report greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks for each such activity for the relevant base year or period specified in Annex VI to Decision No 529/2013/EU and in the Annex to Decision 13/CMP.1. In complying with their reporting obligations pursuant to this point, and in particular when submitting information on emissions and removals relating to their accounting obligations set out in Decision No 529/2013/EU, Member States shall submit information taking fully into account applicable IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF;

(e)

any changes to the information referred to in points (a) to (d) for the years between the relevant base year or period and the year X-3, indicating the reasons for these changes;

(f)

information on indicators, as set out in Annex III, for the year X-2;

(g)

information from their national registry on the issue, acquisition, holding, transfer, cancellation, retirement and carry-over of AAUs, RMUs, ERUs, CERs, tCERs and lCERs for the year X-1;

(h)

summary information on concluded transfers pursuant to Article 3(4) and (5) of Decision No 406/2009/EC, for the year X-1;

(i)

information on the use of joint implementation, of the CDM and of international emissions trading, pursuant to Articles 6, 12 and 17 of the Kyoto Protocol, or any other flexible mechanism provided for in other instruments adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC or the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, to meet their quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments pursuant to Article 2 of Decision 2002/358/EC and the Kyoto Protocol or any future commitments under the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol, for the year X-2;

(j)

information on the steps taken to improve inventory estimates, in particular in areas of the inventory that have been subject to adjustments or recommendations following expert reviews;

(k)

the actual or estimated allocation of the verified emissions reported by installations and operators under Directive 2003/87/EC to the source categories of the national greenhouse gas inventory, where possible, and the ratio of those verified emissions to the total reported greenhouse gas emissions in those source categories, for the year X-2;

(l)

where relevant, the results of the checks performed on the consistency of the emissions reported in the greenhouse gas inventories, for the year X-2, with the verified emissions reported under Directive 2003/87/EC;

(m)

where relevant, the results of the checks performed on the consistency of the data used to estimate emissions in preparation of the greenhouse gas inventories, for the year X-2, with:

(n)

a description of changes to their national inventory system;

(o)

a description of changes to the national registry;

(p)

information on their quality assurance and quality control plans, a general uncertainty assessment, a general assessment of completeness and, where available, other elements of the national greenhouse gas inventory report needed to prepare the Union greenhouse gas inventory report.

(a)

add or delete substances to or from the list of greenhouse gases in Annex I to this Regulation or add, delete or amend indicators in Annex III to this Regulation in accordance with relevant decisions adopted by the bodies of the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol or of agreements deriving from them or succeeding them;

(b)

take account of changes in the GWPs and internationally agreed inventory guidelines in accordance with relevant decisions adopted by the bodies of the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol or of agreements deriving from them or succeeding them.

(a)

a description of their national system for reporting on policies and measures, or groups of measures, and for reporting on projections of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks pursuant to Article 12(1), where such description has not already been provided, or information on any changes made to that system where such a description has already been provided;

(b)

updates relevant to their low-carbon development strategies referred to in Article 4 and progress in implementing those strategies;

(c)

information on national policies and measures, or groups of measures, and on implementation of Union policies and measures, or groups of measures, that limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions by sources or enhance removals by sinks, presented on a sectoral basis and organised by gas or group of gases (HFCs and PFCs) listed in Annex I. That information shall refer to applicable and relevant national or Union policies and shall include:

(d)

the information referred to in point (d) of Article 6(1) of Decision No 406/2009/EC;

(e)

information on the extent to which the Member State’s action constitutes a significant element of the efforts undertaken at national level as well as the extent to which the projected use of joint implementation, of the CDM and of international emissions trading is supplemental to domestic action in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Kyoto Protocol and the decisions adopted thereunder.

(a)

projections without measures where available, projections with measures, and, where available, projections with additional measures;

(b)

total greenhouse gas projections and separate estimates for the projected greenhouse gas emissions for the emission sources covered by Directive 2003/87/EC and by Decision No 406/2009/EC;

(c)

the impact of policies and measures identified pursuant to Article 13. Where such policies and measures are not included, this shall be clearly stated and explained;

(d)

results of the sensitivity analysis performed for the projections;

(e)

all relevant references to the assessment and the technical reports that underpin the projections referred to in paragraph 4.

(a)

a detailed justification as referred to in Article 6(2) of Decision No 406/2009/EC;

(b)

information on the use of revenues during the year X-1 generated by the Member State by auctioning allowances pursuant to Article 10(1) of Directive 2003/87/EC, including information on such revenue that has been used for one or more of the purposes specified in Article 10(3) of that Directive, or the equivalent in financial value of that revenue, and the actions taken pursuant to that Article;

(c)

information on the use, as determined by the Member State, of all revenue generated by the Member State by auctioning aviation allowances pursuant to Article 3d(1) or (2) of Directive 2003/87/EC; that information shall be provided in accordance with Article 3d(4) of that Directive;

(d)

information referred to in point (b) of Article 6(1) of Decision No 406/2009/EC and information on how their purchasing policy enhances the achievement of an international agreement on climate change;

(e)

information regarding the application of Article 11b(6) of Directive 2003/87/EC as regards hydroelectric power production project activities with a generating capacity exceeding 20 MW.

(a)

checks to verify the transparency, accuracy, consistency, comparability and completeness of information submitted;

(b)

checks to identify cases where inventory data is prepared in a manner which is inconsistent with UNFCCC guidance documentation or Union rules; and

(c)

where appropriate, calculating the resulting technical corrections necessary, in consultation with the Member States.

(a)

recommendations from earlier Union or UNFCCC reviews which have not been implemented, or questions that have not been explained by a Member State; or

(b)

overestimations or underestimations relating to a key category in a Member State’s inventory,

(a)

commitments under Article 4 of the UNFCCC and Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol as further set out in decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, or by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. Such assessment shall be based on the information reported in accordance with Articles 7, 8, 10 and 13 to 17;

(b)

obligations set out in Article 3 of Decision No 406/2009/EC. Such assessment shall be based on the information reported in accordance with Articles 7, 8, 13 and 14.

(a)

compiling the Union greenhouse gas inventory and preparing the Union greenhouse gas inventory report, pursuant to Article 7(5);

(b)

preparing the Union national communication pursuant to Article 12 of the UNFCCC and the Union biennial report pursuant to Decision 2/CP.17 or subsequent relevant decisions adopted by the bodies of the UNFCCC;

(c)

review and compliance procedures under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol in accordance with any applicable decision under the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol as well as the Union’s procedure to review Member States greenhouse gas inventories referred to in Article 19 of this Regulation;

(d)

any adjustments pursuant to Article 5(2) of the Kyoto Protocol or following the Union review process referred to in Article 19 of this Regulation or other changes to inventories and inventory reports submitted, or to be submitted, to the UNFCCC Secretariat;

(e)

compiling the Union approximated greenhouse gas inventory, pursuant to Article 8;

(f)

reporting in relation to the retirement of AAUs, RMUs, ERUs, CERs, tCERs and lCERs, after the additional period referred to in paragraph 14 of Decision 13/CMP.1 for fulfilling commitments pursuant to Article 3(1) of the Kyoto Protocol.

(a)

compiling the Union greenhouse gas inventory and preparing the Union greenhouse gas inventory report;

(b)

performing quality assurance and quality control procedures to prepare the Union greenhouse gas inventory;

(c)

preparing estimates for data not reported in the national greenhouse gas inventories;

(d)

conducting the reviews;

(e)

compiling the Union approximated greenhouse gas inventory;

(f)

compiling the information reported by Member States on policies and measures and projections;

(g)

performing quality assurance and quality control procedures on the information reported by Member States on projections and policies and measures;

(h)

preparing estimates for data on projections not reported by the Member States;

(i)

compiling data as required for the annual report to the European Parliament and the Council prepared by the Commission;

(j)

disseminating information collected under this Regulation, including maintaining and updating a database on Member States’ mitigation policies and measures and the European Climate Adaptation Platform relating to impacts, vulnerabilities and adaptation to climate change.

—

HFC-23 CHF3

—

HFC-32 CH2F2

—

HFC-41 CH3F

—

HFC-125 CHF2CF3

—

HFC-134 CHF2CHF2

—

HFC-134a CH2FCF3

—

HFC-143 CH2FCHF2

—

HFC-143a CH3CF3

—

HFC-152 CH2FCH2F

—

HFC-152a CH3CHF2

—

HFC-161 CH3CH2F

—

HFC-227ea CF3CHFCF3

—

HFC-236cb CF3CF2CH2F

—

HFC-236ea CF3CHFCHF2

—

HFC-236fa CF3CH2CF3

—

HFC-245fa CHF2CH2CF3

—

HFC-245ca CH2FCF2CHF2

—

HFC-365mfc CH3CF2CH2CF3

—

HFC-43-10mee CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 or (C5H2F10)

—

PFC-14, Perfluoromethane, CF4

—

PFC-116, Perfluoroethane, C2F6

—

PFC-218, Perfluoropropane, C3F8

—

PFC-318, Perfluorocyclobutane, c-C4F8

—

Perfluorocyclopropane c-C3F6

—

PFC-3-1-10, Perfluorobutane, C4F10

—

PFC-4-1-12, Perfluoropentane, C5F12

—

PFC-5-1-14, Perfluorohexane, C6F14

—

PFC-9-1-18, C10F18

—

ti, is the Member State’s annual emission allocation for year i as determined pursuant to the fourth paragraph of Article 3(2) and Article 10 of Decision No 406/2009/EC either as determined in 2012 or, if applicable, as determined in 2016 on the basis of the revision carried out in accordance with Article 27(2) of this Regulation and pursuant to Article 3(2) of Decision No 406/2009/EC;

—

ti,2022 is the Member State’s annual emission allocation for year i pursuant to the fourth paragraph of Article 3(2) and Article 10 of Decision No 406/2009/EC as it would have been calculated if reviewed inventory data submitted in 2022 had been used as an input;

—

ei,j is the Member State’s greenhouse gas emissions for year i as established pursuant to acts adopted by the Commission pursuant to Article 19(6) following the expert inventory review in year j.