Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration EU Issues covered CoE TFEU, Article 78 and EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Article 18 (right to asylum), both referring to UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, which…
2. Status and associated documentation – Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration
Introduction This chapter will look at status and documentation of different groups of migrants. For many migrants, lack of status or documentation as evidence of their status can lead to various problems, such as being denied access to public or…
1. Access to the territory and to procedures – Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration
Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the regimes applicable to those who wish to enter the territory of a European state. Furthermore, it sets out the main parameters that states have to respect under ECHR law as well as…
European Union accession to the European Convention on Human Rights
EU law and the ECHR are closely connected. The CJEU looks to the ECHR for inspira- tion when determining the scope of human rights protection under EU law. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights reflects the range of rights provided…
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU
The original treaties of the European Communities did not contain any reference to human rights or their protection. However, as cases came before the ECJ alleging human rights breaches occurring in areas within the scope of EU law, the ECJ…
The European Union
The EU comprises 28 Member States. EU law is composed of treaties and secondary EU law. The treaties, namely the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), have been approved by…
The Council of Europe
The Council of Europe was formed in the aftermath of the Second World War to bring together the states of Europe to promote the rule of law, democracy, human rights and social development. For this purpose, it adopted the ECHR…
Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration
Contents The Council of Europe The European Union The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU European Union accession to the European Convention on Human Rights 1. Access to the territory and to procedures 2. Status and associated documentation 3.…
6.4. Enforcement of non-discrimination law – Handbook on European non-discrimination law
Handbook on European non-discrimination law – Contents Key points Anti-discrimination law can be enforced by initiating civil, administrative or criminal proceedings against the alleged discriminator. Applicable sanctions must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive; however, Member States are free to choose…
6.3. Role of statistics and other data – Handbook on European non-discrimination law
Handbook on European non-discrimination law – Contents Statistical data can play an important role in helping a claimant give rise to a presumption of discrimination. It is particularly useful in proving indirect discrimination, because in these situations, the rules or…